Page 441 - Demo

SECTION II. APPLIED BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY... 445The evolution of the hydrolysis process over time tended to change with different surfactants. The hydrolysis rate was quite high in the first 2 hours and continued throughout 12 hours of hydrolysis, the hydrolysis efficiency increased quite strongly, about 30.7% - 34.4% in the hydrolyzed solution with the addition of surfactants. In the following hydrolysis periods, the hydrolysis rate gradually slowed down and reached the highest hydrolysis efficiency at 60 hours, which was 80.4% in the hydrolyzed solution with the addition of Triton X-100, this efficiency was 1.2 times higher than that of the control sample. This was related to the cellulose content in the hydrolyzed residue and the slower and slower hydrolysis rate in the hydrolyzed solution showed that it was related to the remaining lignin content in the residue that had not been thoroughly treated during the pretreatment with formic acid and alkaline washing regime of the residue. In some studies, it has been shown that the fractional alkaline washing conditions of residues have a great influence on the ability of hydrolysis of the obtained residues. The alkaline washing process can remove some of the remaining lignin components on the outside of the cellulose fibers, but the lignin components located deep inside the cellulose fiber structure are more difficult to be removed, so when further hydrolysis is carried out with enzymes, the cellulose fibers containing lignin components in the structure will hinder the participation of the enzyme in the catalysis, leading to a slow hydrolysis rate.As shown in Figure 2A, the glucose concentration obtained after 2 hours of hydrolysis was 10 g/L in the control sample. To speed up the catalysis process of enzymes and reduce the cost of using a large amount of enzymes, adding non-ionic surfactants to the hydrolyzed solution at a concentration of 5 g/L significantly increased the glucose concentration. In the first 2 hours of hydrolysis, the glucose concentration reached 28 g/L;