Page 18 - Ebook HTKH 2024

products through contracts... but there are no separate mechanisms and policies to
support organic agricultural production and green agriculture.

Second, the scale of agricultural production in many localities of Vietnam is still
fragmented and small, making it difficult to apply closed, concentrated production forms
of green agriculture. Developing organic agriculture, aiming for green and sustainable
agriculture, requires applying a concentrated, closed production model with large
cultivation areas. However, many households are not fully aware of this, and cannot
even distinguish between organic products and other conventional products... These are
also considered challenges in the development of green agriculture in Vietnam today.
To make green agriculture successful, it is necessary to rely on the condition of large

cultivation areas to effectively utilize scientific and technological applications, so the
requirement for land accumulation is a very necessary task. In practice, the Government
has set a goal of reducing land fragmentation through the land consolidation and plot
exchange program (Article 78 of Decree No. 43/2014/ND) encouraging farmers to
exchange fields with each other to have contiguous plots and join cooperatives or
farmers can lease land to enterprises. However, in most localities in the country, the

agricultural land lease market is still underdeveloped, due to limitations in plot size, low
value of agricultural land for lease, high transaction costs and land valuation work of
provincial authorities still has many problems and obstacles.
Vietnam has about 9 million farming households with nearly 70 million small plots
of land, which is an extremely big challenge when reorganizing a large-scale,
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concentrated production . This is the fundamental reason why biological productivity
is high, but economic efficiency for producers is very low. The average cultivated area

per agricultural worker in Vietnam is only 0.34 ha, only about half (0.6 - 0.8 times)
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compared to Cambodia, Myanmar or the Philippines (World Bank, 2016) . The
fragmented land situation is a significant obstacle to the modernization of the
agricultural sector, moving towards green agriculture in the future in our country.
Third, the level and capacity to access science and technology of agricultural
producers is still limited

The limited ability to access science and technology and the thinking and
awareness of farmers is also one of the many challenges leading to the slow development
of green agriculture in Vietnam. Farmers still have old habits and thinking in production
that have not been eliminated, such as: excessive use of inorganic fertilizers, pesticides,
abuse of drugs in livestock - veterinary - aquaculture, epidemics, environmental
pollution, food hygiene and safety... are becoming more and more serious problems,
seriously affecting human health, the ecological environment and the reputation of
Vietnamese products in the international market.

10 Nguyen Van Tien (2024), Green agricultural development: Current situation and solutions
11 Vo Huu Phuoc, Truong Thi Thu Huong (2021), Developing Green Agriculture in Vietnam and Issues in the
Current Context.

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