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million tons to 75 million tons, reflecting a stronger push for energy transition, the
application of digital technologies in emissions monitoring and management, and the
implementation of commitments made at COP26 to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050.
To achieve this goal, Vietnam must apply IoT and AI in energy management and
supply chains, carbon accounting, real-time emissions data tracking, promote the sharing
economy and e-commerce, and reduce traditional transportation costs.
With the target of reducing emissions per GDP by 15.8% (domestic resources) and
43.5% (with international support) by 2030 compared to 2021 levels, Vietnam has
strengthened its commitments toward sustainable development. Achieving these targets
depends heavily on international finance and technology. The digital economy plays a
bridging role in improving energy efficiency, enabling smart manufacturing, optimizing
logistics through big data, and developing digital-based Measurement, Reporting, and
Verification (MRV) systems. As a result, GDP can grow rapidly while emissions per unit of
GDP decline—this is the core of green growth.
The proportion of Vietnamese enterprises adopting green technologies remained
relatively low in 2020–2021, at around 20–21%, but has shown a steady upward trend in
subsequent years. The target for 2025 is 74%. This trend indicates that digital
transformation and green transformation are progressing in parallel, reflected in the
adoption of e-invoices, digital governance systems, automation, and smart renewable
energy solutions.
During 2020–2025, Vietnam’s EPI ranking remained very low, at 180/180. This
suggests that environmental performance and enforcement effectiveness still face
considerable limitations. The digital economy has not yet been implemented in a
synchronized manner at the national level, particularly due to the lack of integrated
environmental data, fragmented monitoring systems, and insufficient connectivity among
enterprises, local authorities, and central government agencies. Therefore, achieving
substantive sustainable development requires a digital government for environmental
management, a national environmental database, and a green innovation ecosystem
4.2. Model testing results of digital economy factors affecting sustainable
development in Vietnam
4.2.1. Cronbach’s alpha test results
The Corrected Item–Total Correlation coefficients of all observed variables are
greater than 0.3. There is no case where removing any observed variable would increase
the Cronbach’s Alpha of the dependent variable scale beyond 0.863. Therefore, the scale
meets the required standards and demonstrates good reliability. Thus, the measurement
scale is considered acceptable and of good quality.
Table 5. Results of Cronbach’s alpha reliability test
Factor group Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted
DIG (DI) .852
INTERNET (IN) .833
FINTECH (FI) .841
ECON (EC) .828
Sustainable development( SDG) .863
Source: SPSS analysis results
4.2.2. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA)
The purpose of the EFA analysis is to examine the relationships among variables and
to group the independent factors with 16 observed variables.

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