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Factors Farm types (crop- 2 et al., 2025a); (Le
focused farming) et al., 2026);
Land tenure 2 (Nguyen et al.,
Slope of plots 2 2025b); (Tran et
Soil fertility 1 2 al., 2024b);
Distance from home to 1 (Hoang &
rice field Drysdale, 2021);
Waterlogging & drought (Tran et al.,
stress 5 2019); (Hoang,
Pest and disease stress 1 2 2020a)
Distance from local
markets/product/input 1 2
market
Relationship with 1
collectors
Access to farming input 1
services
Participation in training
programs 5
Contacts with extension 1
workers (Nguyen et al.,
Confidence in extension 1 2025a); (Le et al.,
workers 2026); (Nguyen et
Participating farmer al., 2025b);
organizations/ 3 (Hoang, 2020a);
Institutional social/agricultural groups (Hoang &
Factors
Participation in CBOs 1 Drysdale, 2021);
Credit program (Tran et al.,
participation 1 1 2019); (Tran et
Local authorities (family al., 2024a); (Tran
member as local official) 1 et al., 2024b)
Distance from electricity 1
base
Distance from capital city 1
Internet access 1
Internet cost 1
Number of owned digital (Le et al., 2026);
devices 1 (Tran et al.,
Digital Factors Digital experience 1 2024a); (Tran et
(including social media) al., 2024b); (Tran
Information Access et al., 2019)
(digital information, 2 1
climate information)
Subjective norms 1 (Le et al., 2024);
Behavioral Perceived behavioural (Tran et al.,
Factors 1
control 2019); (Tran et

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