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(UNEP): A green economy is an economy that improves human life and improves social
equity, while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological deficiencies.

Simply put, a green economy has low emissions, uses resources efficiently and aims for
social equity. 192 .
According to UNEP, green growth is a new direction to promote economic
development according to a sustainable consumption and production model, in order to
ensure natural capital, continue to provide resources and ecological services that human
life depends on for both current and future generations. Green growth is the growth
process to achieve a green economy, aiming to improve human happiness, social equity
and significantly reduce the risk of environmental and ecological exhaustion.

- The World Bank (WB) believes that: Green growth is the growth process that
uses resources more efficiently, cleaner and enhances the resilience of the economy and
the environment without slowing down the economic growth process.
- The United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
(UNESCAP) defines: Green growth is a form of growth that focuses on environmentally
sustainable economic development to promote low-carbon economic activities, ensuring

inclusive development across all social issues.
- The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) believes
that: Green growth is the process of promoting economic growth and development while
ensuring that natural resources are always sufficient to provide resources and
environmental services that human welfare needs.
- The Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) identifies: Green growth is a model
of a new development revolution that maintains economic growth while ensuring

environmental and climate sustainability.
The above definitions provide the most general view of green economy and green
growth. In essence, green economy and green growth are not synonymous, do not
replace each other and do not replace sustainable development. Green economy is the
foundation for achieving sustainable development goals, while green growth is a
method, measure, path, and growth model to build and form a green economy, aiming

at sustainable development goals.
3.1.2. Green tourism and tourism development towards green growth
Tourism development is the development of a specific economic sector in the
overall economy. Different growth models can be applied (utilized) to promote tourism
development, each model will bring different results and effectiveness of tourism
development. Applying the "brown" and "linear" growth models, based on the thorough
exploitation of available resources, mass tourism development, focusing on quantity,
may create a fast initial growth rate but is unsustainable. Meanwhile, applying the green

growth model will promote tourism development in depth, towards quality, based on
the exploitation of reasonable resource values, effective use of

192 UNEP (2011). Hướng tới Nền kinh tế Xanh - Lộ trình cho PTBV và xóa đói giảm nghèo. Translated book,
Vietnamese translation by the Institute of Strategy and Policy on Natural Resources and Environment.

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