Page 434 - Ebook HTKH 2024

accurately assess what is happening.
Method of obtaining expert opinions: Consulting experts and scientists on the issue

of developing green and sustainable tourism in a green economy. Expert opinions are
collected through direct discussions and expert speeches at seminars and conferences
related to green and sustainable tourism.
Comparison and contrast method: This method is used to compare and contrast
data, chronological and synchronous data, tourism development level according to time
series and comparison between locations.
Methods of synthesizing and analyzing data: Synthesize information, documents,
data from many different sources; analyze, select data, graph data,... to research content.

3. Research results and discussion
3.1. Terms and definitions
3.1.1. Green economy and green growth
The terms “green economy” and “green growth” appeared around the late 1990s,

intended to be compared and distinguished among “brown economy”, “linear
economy”, and “brown growth” - the dominant economic and growth models in
previous periods. When nature is overexploited, leading to increasingly depleted
resources, environmental pollution, and the increasing impact of climate change, it has
had a profound and widespread impact on the economy and society, threatening
sustainable development at both the national and global levels. Developing a green

economy and a circular economy is an inevitable requirement and the only way to
develop a sustainable economy (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Three economic models - the path of sustainable development

Source: Nguyen Anh Tuan, et al. (2022). Developing Vietnam tourism towards
green growth. Single book. Hanoi National University Publishing House
Figure 1 outlines three economic models - the path of sustainable development.

However, it is impossible to have a green economy and a sustainable economy
immediately. To achieve this, it is necessary to take steps to transform the growth model,
from brown growth to green growth, or in other words, this is the "green transformation"
step in the economy.
Up to now, there have been many definitions of green economy and green growth
given by international organizations, national governments and in academic studies:

- According to the definition of the United Nations Environment Program

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