Page 243 - Ebook HTKH 2024

expanded and developed but does not yet have a definition. which is agreed upon, clear
and generally accepted. According to Rodrigue et al. (2001), “Green Logistics” is

considered to have the same function as logistics, but at the same time combined with
the feature of minimizing environmental impacts from this activity [2]. Therefore,
“green logistics” is known as a form of logistics designed not only to be environmentally
friendly but also to have an economic function. Based on this perspective, Lai and Wong
(2012) provided a definition of green logistics management that "reflects an
organization's ability to conserve resources, reduce waste, improve operational
efficiency, and meet customer needs." meet social needs" [3].
H.J. Wu and S. Dunn (1995) expanded the term by arguing that green logistics is

an environmentally responsible system that includes not only the implementation of all
“continuous” logistics processes (from raw material purchasing raw materials,
production, packaging and transportation of products) but also the reverse process of
receiving and treating waste [4].
Sbihi and Eglese (2007) define green logistics as having similar trends to
sustainable logistics when they say that green logistics involves the production and

distribution of goods in a sustainable way, as well as the environmental and social
factors [5]. In 2010, the authors further affirmed that green logistics focuses on efforts
and measures to minimize the negative impacts of logistics activities, thereby achieving
a sustainable balance between three major goals including economic, social and
environmental.
In Vietnam, in the Vietnam Logistics Report 2022, the author group also formed a
view on green logistics as "logistics activities aiming at sustainable, friendly and

environmental protection goals, minimizing impact." negative to the environment” [6].
Currently, green logistics development is listed as greening transportation activities,
green warehousing activities, greening packaging activities, greening information
systems and developing reverse logistics.
2.2. Inland waterway transport and green logistics orientation
According to Dong Thi Van Hong and colleagues (2021), inland waterway

transport is considered the earliest form of transport compared to other forms of
transport such as sea transport, railway transport, air transport, … [7] The main
advantage of water transport is its extremely large cargo transfer capacity. Inland
waterway transport currently requires two types of engines for movement: deep water
engines are generally designed in coastal areas or large lakes; Diesel engines operate on
rivers or canals with considerable flexibility.
The second advantage of inland waterway transport is that investment capital and
transport costs are considered lower than some other transport industries. Specifically,

investors mainly invest in purchasing vehicles, while part of the investment goes into
building yards, buoys, signaling, embankment construction... which costs less than other
industries. Costs for inland waterway transport activities, specifically fuel costs, vehicle
costs, labor costs, etc., are more optimal than many other transport industries. A specific
example is the average fuel cost per 1 TKm of inland waterway transport, in

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