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Opportunities and Challenges in the New Context,” identifies e-commerce as the most
important sector contributing to the expansion of Vietnam’s digital economy by 2050. The
study suggests that if the e-commerce market is optimized, greenhouse gas emissions
from e-commerce activities could be reduced by 30–40% compared to traditional
commercial activities, thereby contributing to sustainable economic development. Tran
Thi Tuyet Lan and Nguyen Thi Mien (2023), in “Vietnam Proactively Develops the Digital
Economy for Sustainable Development,” analyze the current state of Vietnam’s digital
economy and propose recommendations to ensure that it meets sustainable
development goals, such as raising awareness among economic actors, improving
institutions and policies, synchronizing digital infrastructure and connectivity services, and
enhancing digital transformation human resources. Nguyen Thi Cam Giang (2026), in
“Digital Economy and Green Economy: A Dual Transformation for Sustainable
Development in Vietnam,” argues that the digital economy and the green economy serve
as two pillars of the sustainable development strategy. The combination of digital and
green transitions—referred to as a “dual transformation”—supports economic recovery
and growth while restructuring the economy toward intelligence, energy efficiency, and
environmental friendliness, thereby realizing sustainable development goals. Phương Anh
(2023), in “Digital Economy and Sustainable Development: Opportunities and Challenges
in the New Context,” assesses the relationship between digital economy development and
sustainable development. The author notes that e-commerce poses significant challenges
to sustainable digital economic development due to issues such as emissions, counterfeit
goods, and imitation products in Vietnam. Additionally, digital human resources are
identified as a key factor influencing sustainable development. Hoang Giang (2026), in
“Promoting Sustainable Digital Economic Development,” highlights the digital economy as
a driver of sustainable, inclusive, and equitable growth. Essential factors include
technological innovation, business models and policy frameworks, digital infrastructure,
digital skills, and high-quality digital human resources. Duong Thi Kim Toan (2024), in “The
Role of Digital Transformation in Rapid and Sustainable Socio-Economic Development in
Hai Phong City,” argues that digital transformation is a breakthrough approach for rapid
and sustainable development. It plays a connecting role in addressing social issues,
improving urban governance, developing smart cities, expanding international relations,
and attracting foreign investment toward rapid and sustainable growth. Phan Minh Ngoc
(2025), in “Building a Solid Foundation for Sustainable Economic Development in the
Digital Era,” refers to the national action plan for 2024–2025 on digital economy
development under Decision No. 1437/QĐ-TTg. According to this plan, digital economy
development lays the foundation for sustainable development through pillars such as
information technology, sectoral digital economy development, digital governance, and
digital data.
Overall, most existing studies primarily employ qualitative research methods. Many
works remain descriptive, with fragmented data and limited identification of core digital
economy factors influencing sustainable development.
2.5. Research model on the impact of digital economy factors on sustainable
development
A model comprising four digital economy-related factors—DIG, Internet, Econ, and
Fintech—affecting SDG is developed based on theoretical frameworks examining the
impact of the digital economy on sustainable development. Specifically:
The research hypotheses are proposed as follows:

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