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Vietnamese context. The research employs a qualitative content analysis and secondary
data synthesis approach, drawing upon results from ministerial - and institutional - level

research projects conducted between 2021 and 2024. This method ensures the authenticity
and reliability of data, accurately reflecting the current status of legal education reform in
Vietnam without relying on hypothetical sources. Findings indicate that personalized legal
education is an inevitable trend; however, its implementation in Vietnam remains limited
due to technological infrastructure gaps, lecturers’ digital competencies, and rigid
administrative frameworks. Accordingly, the paper proposes a “Digital - Adaptive Legal
Education Model” consisting of three core components: (1) a flexible, competency - based
curriculum; (2) adaptive learning technologies; and (3) the lecturer’s new role as a

personalized learning facilitator. The study provides both theoretical and policy
implications for innovating legal education in Vietnam, contributing to the development of
a smart, flexible, and learner - centered higher education environment that aligns with
global digital transformation.
Keywords: personalized learning, legal education, digital transformation, higher
education,adaptive model

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