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300 PROCEEDINGS OF INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE ON APPLIED BIOTECHNOLOGYAccording to Ferdes et al. (2009) [8], the pigment from M. purpureus M5, extracted with n-hexane, showed inhibitory effects against B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli. These findings are consistent with the results of Kaur et al. (2023) [9], who investigated the antibacterial activity of pigment extracts from M. purpureus CPEF02. The extract exhibited inhibition zones against four bacterial pathogens S. aureus, S. typhimurium, methicillinresistant S. aureus, and V. cholerae, with antibacterial zone diameters of 9.33 %u00b1 0.33 mm, 7.68 %u00b1 0.2 mm, 6.42 %u00b1 0.15 mm, and 6.9 %u00b1 0.33 mm, respectively.The observed antimicrobial activity of the HG12 pigment extract suggests the presence of bioactive compounds capable of inhibiting bacterial growth. However, the extract%u2019s lower potency compared to the standard antibiotic highlights the need for further optimization. This could involve enhancing the extraction process or isolating and concentrating the active antimicrobial components.Table 3. Effect of different moistening agents onpigment yield (O.D/g dry substrate) of Monascus purpureus HG12 grown on rice branSubstrateDiameter of inhibition zone (cm)E. coli B. subtilis S. typhirinum S. aureusExtracted HG12 10.52 %u00b1 0.33 6.56 %u00b1 0.33 7.68 %u00b1 0.2 6.89 %u00b1 0.33DMSO 0.00 %u00b1 0.00 0.00 %u00b1 0.00 0.00 %u00b1 0.00 0.00 %u00b1 0.00Tetracycline 15.0 %u00b1 0.13 25.0 %u00b1 0.17 14.0 %u00b1 0.15 22.0 %u00b1 0.184. DISCUSSIONTemperature is a crucial factor as it affects the metabolic activities and growth of microorganisms. The results clearly indicate that maximum pigment production is achieved at 30 %u00b0C, underscoring the thermophilic nature of the fungus.