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SECTION II. APPLIED BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY... 2973.3. Effect of moistening agentsThe results presented in Table 2 demonstrate the effect of different moistening agents on pigment yield of M. purpureusHG12 grown on rice bran. The highest pigment yield (5.82 %u00b1 0.08 O.D/g dry substrate) was observed when using a minerals solution as the moistening agent, indicating the critical role of supplemental nutrients in enhancing pigment production. Tap water resulted in a moderate pigment yield (4.57 %u00b1 0.06), likely due to the presence of trace minerals that partially support fungal growth. In contrast, distilled water produced the lowest yield (2.51 %u00b1 0.05), as it lacks minerals and other growth-promoting components, thereby limiting fungal metabolic activity.These findings underscore the importance of using enriched moistening agents, such as mineral solutions, to maximize pigment yield in solid-state fermentation systems, particularly when utilizing nutrient-rich substrates like rice bran. Further optimization of mineral composition and concentration could further enhance productivity for industrial applications.Table 2. Effect of different moistening agents on pigment yield (O.D/g dry substrate) of M. purpureus HG12 grown on rice branMoistening agent Pigment yield(O.D/g dry substrate)Tap water 4.57 %u00b1 0.06Distilled water 2.51 %u00b1 0.05Minerals solution 5.82 %u00b1 0.08