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252 PROCEEDINGS OF INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE ON APPLIED BIOTECHNOLOGYcytokines such as IL-8, TNF-%u03b1, and IL-17C when stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Poly I:C, leading to a decrease in inflammation [2]. Similarly, I. Iloba and colleagues demonstrated that the probiotic B. coagulans exhibited anti-inflammatory properties in experiments with blood cells. In an LPS-induced inflammation model, the presence of B. coagulans effectively reduced the production of the pro-inflammatory chemokine MCP-1 while increasing the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 [6].Additionally, certain Bacillus strains can exert antiinflammatory effects by regulating the activity of immune cells. Some members of the Bacillus genus can influence macrophage polarization, a critical process in the immune system%u2019s response to inflammation. Macrophages can exist in either a pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype, depending on the signals they receive from their environment. Exopolysaccharide, a polymer produced by B. subtilis, has been shown to promote the activation of the M2 macrophage phenotype, which is associated with tissue regeneration and the resolution of inflammation. This shift in macrophage activation contributes to a reduction in inflammation, as demonstrated in a mouse model of colitis [5].Overall, the ability of Bacillus strains to regulate the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as immune cell activity, underscores their potential to support the treatment of inflammatory conditions. These findings not only highlight the importance of Bacillus probiotics in improving gut health but also reveal their therapeutic potential in managing chronic inflammation and mood disorders, including depression. Further in-depth studies on these anti-inflammatory mechanisms could help clarify the role of Bacillus strains in therapeutic applications for mental health and inflammatory diseases.