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SECTION I: MOLECULAR GENETIC ENGINEERING AND BIOCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 133GC-MS conditions for chemical composition analysis of essential oilThe black pepper oil was analyzed to determine volatile compounds by GC-MS (Nexis GC-2030, MS 2020 - Shimadzu, Japan) [22]. The SH-Rxi-5Sil MS model column (30 m x 0.25 mm I.D. x 0.25 %u03bcm) was used. The sample injection volume was 10 %u03bcl added in 1 mL of methanol and vortexed for 15 min. The temperature gradient setting up for the oven started at 50 %u00b0C for 2 min with a rate of 20 %u00b0C min-1 and risen to 100 %u00b0C for 2 min at 4 %u00b0C min-1, then to 240 %u00b0C for 1 min at 15 %u00b0C min-1, finally increased to 280 oC holding for 5 min to clean the column. The injector was set at 250 %u00b0C with the sample volume of 2.0 %u03bcL. The prepared samples were injected to the GC with the injector in the split mode ratio of 1/25. MS quard temperature was set at 150 oC and MS source at 230 %u00b0C. The analysis mode was full scan. The compounds of the extracted essential oils were identified by comparing their mass spectral fragmentation patterns with those of similar compounds from a Wiley7n.l and NIST14 database.Statistical analysisExperiments were carried out in duplicate and results were expressed as average %u00b1 standard deviation (SD). Data was treated using Microsoft Excel software 2016. Statistical analysis used the paired t-Test (two samples for means) to determine p-value, p less than 0.05 was declared as significant difference and vice versa.3. RESULTS3.1. Effect of raw material type The effect of material types on oil yield is shown in Figure 2. It was clear that the amount of essential oil obtained from 300g