Page 128 - Demo

132 PROCEEDINGS OF INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE ON APPLIED BIOTECHNOLOGYdistillation was proceeded from 0 to 360 min. Samples were regularly taken for each every 60 min to measure progress of oil recovery yield. Effect of raw material sizeThe target of this experiment was to choose a suitable size of raw material to maximizing essential oil extraction. Firstly, dried black pepper was ground and sieved to obtain 4 different sizes of 2-3, 1.0, 0.5 and 0.2 mm, separately. Secondly, the same weight of 300 g each sized-black pepper powder was loaded into distillating reactor system containing 3 L RO water and kept the reactor for 240 min. Volume and yield of oil recovered from each experiment were determined to evaluate oil recovery yield. Effect of material to water ratio In this experiment, 0.5 mm sized-black pepper powder was used. Different solvent to matrix ratios of 60 g/L (1/15), 75 g/L (1/12), 100 g/L (1/10) and 150 g/L (1/7) were employed for experiments with the same input material mass of 300 g distilled in 240 min. Essential oil was harvested from the condensed liquid for determination of oil recovery yield. 2.4. AnalysisDetermination of oil yieldOil volume was determined by volumetrical method using burettes or pipettes. Oil yield was determined as mL of oil harvested per kg of plant materials used for each experiment (mL/kg). Alternatively, the yield of black pepper oil (%) = 100% (1) Where: moil = weight of black pepper oil in g mDM = weight of dry material in g