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SECTION I: MOLECULAR GENETIC ENGINEERING AND BIOCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 191lagoon ecosystem is an area with a high level of biodiversity. Bacteria in lagoons are important ecological members, but their quantity, composition, and biological activity are currently little studied [4]. Some studies worldwide indicate that coastal lagoon bacteria and actinomycetes are potential sources for exploiting substances with antibacterial, cancer cell inhibitory, and antiparasitic activities [5- 7]. Nai Lagoon in Vietnam%u2019s Ninh Thuan province is a unique ecosystem where the Ninh Chu sea meets freshwater rivers and streams, creating a mix of salt and fresh water. Surrounded by mountain ranges, this diverse environment serves as both a natural habitat and an aquaculture site, where local people cultivate various aquatic products, with oyster farming being particularly prominent. Therefore, it can be seen that Nai Lagoon has great potential in researching and exploiting valuable sources of biologically active microorganisms. In this study, we isolated microorganisms from Nai Lagoon sediment samples and screened strains with the ability to antagonize pathogenic microorganisms, inhibit cancer cells, and serve as valuable raw materials for isolating valuable compounds for use in medicine.2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1. MaterialNai Lagoon sediment samples were collected at representative locations of the lagoon, including the lagoon mouth intersecting with Ninh Chu sea, 100m from the shore in the middle of the lagoon, the middle of the lagoon, the intersection area between the lagoon and rivers and streams, and the mangrove forest area in the lagoon (Figure 1). After collection, the sediment was