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SECTION I: MOLECULAR GENETIC ENGINEERING AND BIOCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 21The global burden of TB is exacerbated by its high prevalence in low- and middle-income countries, where healthcare resources are limited. The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified TB as one of the top ten causes of death worldwide. The emergence of drug resistance, driven by incomplete treatment regimens and improper antibiotic use, has necessitated the exploration of innovative approaches to drug discovery. Actinomycetes-derived compounds, with their proven efficacy and structural diversity, are poised to play a critical role in addressing this challenge [2].Actinomycetes, filamentous Gram-positive bacteria primarily belonging to the order Actinomycetales, are well-known for their unparalleled ability to produce a plethora of secondary metabolites with medicinal properties. Found in diverse habitats, from soil to marine ecosystems, actinomycetes contribute significantly to the discovery of antibiotics, antifungals, antitumor agents, and immunosuppressive drugs. Notable examples include streptomycin, rifamycin, and daptomycin%u2014all products of actinomycetes that have transformed modern medicine. Their complex biosynthetic machinery, often encoded within large genomic clusters, allows the production of structurally unique and pharmacologically potent compounds [3].Secondary metabolites from actinomycetes have been instrumental in combating various infectious diseases, including TB. These metabolites, produced as part of the microorganism%u2019s defense mechanisms, exhibit diverse chemical scaffolds and biological activities. Advances in genome mining, synthetic biology, and metabolomics have further expanded the potential of actinomycetes as a source of new drugs. The ECUM library, housing tens of thousands of actinomycetes strains and their corresponding crude extracts, represents a vast and untapped resource for identifying novel anti-TB compounds [4].