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20 PROCEEDINGS OF INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE ON APPLIED BIOTECHNOLOGYdrug-resistant M. tuberculosis (XDR-TB), while exhibiting no activity against other microorganisms like Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, ecumicin and rufomycin showed lower toxicity in mammalian cells compared to bedaquiline, a current drug used to treat MDR-TB. Finally, we discovered that ecumicin and rufomycin bind to ClpC1 at different binding sites and different stochastic ratio compared to other compounds that also target ClpC1, suggesting the potential for ecumicin and rufomycin to be used in combination therapy with each other or other drugs. These finding suggest that ecumicin and rufomycin can be developed as novel anti-tuberculosis drugs for treating MDR-TB and XDR-TB, providing an alternative to existing treatment. Due to the novel chemical structure and promising activity of ecumicin, international patents were already granted in several leading countries including USA. We are currently seeking partnerships with companies or institutes for further development.Keywords: Anti-tuberculosis, actinomycetes, ClpC1, cyclic peptide, ecumicin, rufomycin 1. INTRODUCTIONTuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most formidable public health challenges, causing over 1.6 million deaths annually and affecting millions more globally. Despite significant progress in diagnostics and treatment, the rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis highlights the urgent need for novel therapeutic options. Natural products, particularly those derived from microbial sources, continue to provide promising leads for antituberculosis drug development. Among these microbial sources, actinomycetes have emerged as an invaluable reservoir of bioactive compounds with diverse mechanisms of action [1].