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Scale Corrected Cronbach's
Scale Mean if
Item Deleted Variance if Item-Total Alpha if Item
Item Deleted Correlation Deleted
DI3 10.73 5.758 .804 .728
DI4 10.87 6.359 .589 .825
Digital Leadership – DL Cronbach’s Alpha = 0,797
DL1 11.54 4.441 .658 .724
DL2 11.82 4.437 .445 .850
DL3 11.26 4.507 .703 .706
DL4 11.25 4.523 .698 .709
Digital Capability – DC Cronbach’s Alpha = 0,916
DC1 11.55 5.194 .797 .896
DC2 11.44 5.293 .782 .901
DC3 11.52 4.995 .839 .881
DC4 11.51 5.025 .817 .889
Digital Application (DA) Cronbach’s Alpha = 0,869
DA1 9.57 8.508 .660 .856
DA2 9.82 8.332 .685 .846
DA3 9.76 7.912 .773 .811
DA4 9.70 7.696 .766 .813
Source: Author
The results indicate that all constructs meet these criteria, demonstrating
satisfactory internal consistency. Specifically, Digital Infrastructure (DI) shows a
Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.835, with item–total correlations ranging from 0.587 to 0.804.
Digital Leadership (DL) achieves an Alpha of 0.797, with correlations from 0.445 to 0.703;
although DL2 has the lowest value, it remains above the acceptable threshold and is
retained. Digital Capability (DC) exhibits very high reliability (Alpha = 0.916), with strong
item–total correlations (0.782 – 0.839). Similarly, Digital Application (DA) demonstrates
high reliability (Alpha = 0.869), with correlations ranging from 0.660 to 0.773. In addition,
the Cronbach’s Alpha if Item Deleted values are lower than the overall Alpha values for all
constructs, indicating that removing any item would not improve reliability. Therefore, all
observed variables are retained for subsequent analysis. Overall, the results confirm that
the measurement scales exhibit adequate reliability and internal consistency, satisfying
the requirements for further Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA).
4.2. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA)
Table 2. KMO and Bartlett's Test
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling
Adequacy. .883
Approx. Chi-Square 1953.272
Bartlett's Test of df 120
Sphericity
Sig. .000
Following the reliability assessment, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was
conducted to examine the convergent and discriminant validity of the constructs.
The suitability of the data was confirmed by the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO)
measure and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity. The KMO value of 0.883 exceeds the
recommended threshold of 0.5, indicating adequate sampling and strong
correlationamong variables. Bartlett’s Test is statistically significant (χ² = 1953.272, p <

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