Page 359 - ISC PROCEEDINGS 21.4

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has ushered in a new era of
Smart Logistics, enabling the transition from reactive operational models to predictive
and proactive supply chain management. AI is not only a tool for route optimization or
intelligent warehouse management but also functions as the “brain” coordinating the
entire Import–Export supply chain, from automating international trade documentation
and forecasting global market demand to monitoring risks at digital border checkpoints.
The application of AI helps address complex challenges such as inefficient resource
allocation, operational errors caused by human factors, and compliance with stringent
requirements for green logistics and product traceability, which are increasingly emerging
as new forms of non-tariff trade barriers in international markets [6], [13].
In Vietnam, despite the government’s strong commitment to digital transformation,
the adoption of AI in Import–Export logistics still shows significant disparities. While large
corporations and foreign-invested enterprises have begun deploying automated
warehouse systems (AGV) and machine learning algorithms to optimize last-mile delivery
operations, the majority of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) continue to face
obstacles related to capital constraints, inadequate data infrastructure, and shortages of
highly skilled human resources.
Moreover, the lack of a shared data ecosystem connecting seaports, customs
authorities, and enterprises has limited the interoperability of AI-driven solutions. This
fragmentation reduces the effectiveness of digital logistics systems and disrupts the
seamless integration required for AI-based supply chain optimization [1], [7].
Despite a growing body of literature on digital transformation and artificial
intelligence in logistics, existing studies have primarily focused on general supply chain
optimization or technology adoption at a global level. In the context of Vietnam, most
studies have concentrated on descriptive analyses of logistics development or the role of
digital technologies without providing a comprehensive evaluation of AI adoption
specifically within the import–export logistics sector.
Furthermore, previous research has not sufficiently addressed the structural
constraints that limit AI implementation in emerging economies, particularly issues
related to fragmented data systems, limited technological capabilities of small and
medium-sized enterprises, and the lack of an integrated logistics data ecosystem. As a
result, there remains a gap in understanding how AI can be effectively applied in
Vietnam’s import–export logistics sector to improve operational efficiency and reduce
logistics costs.
Against this backdrop, this study focuses on analyzing the current application of AI
within Vietnam’s import–export logistics value chain, thereby identifying critical
bottlenecks in the process of technological adoption. By comparing international
experiences with Vietnam’s domestic characteristics, the research proposes strategic
solutions aimed at promoting the mastery of AI technologies. Ultimately, these solutions
seek to support the national objective of reducing logistics costs and enhancing Vietnam’s
position within global production and supply networks.
2. Artificial intelligence and its applications in import–export logistics
2.1. Artificial intelligence (AI)
Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the capability of computer systems or
programmed machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence,
including logical reasoning, learning, perception, and decision-making processes that
resemble human cognitive abilities [9].

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