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DETERMINANTS OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION AMONG
VIETNAMESE FARMERS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
TOWARD SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

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Vu Thuy Linh* , Nguyen Minh Nga , Nguyen Ngoc Minh An 3
1, 2, 3 Hanoi Open University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
(*E-mail: vtlinh6@hou.edu.vn)

ABSTRACT
Digital technologies are increasingly transforming agricultural systems and
supporting the transition toward more sustainable and efficient farming practices.
However, the adoption of digital technologies among farmers remains uneven,
particularly in developing countries such as Vietnam. This study aims to identify and
synthesise the determinants influencing digital technology adoption among Vietnamese
farmers through a systematic literature review. Following the PRISMA guidelines, ten
empirical quantitative studies were selected from major academic databases, including
Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and MDPI. The review identified 42 significant variables
affecting digital technology adoption, which were categorised into five groups:
demographic and socioeconomic factors, farm and market factors, institutional factors,
digital factors, and behavioural factors. Key determinants include education level, income,
farm size, training participation, and access to digital infrastructure, while age and limited
digital literacy often act as barriers. The findings highlight that digital adoption is shaped
by the interaction of structural, institutional, technological, and behavioural conditions,
providing insights for policymakers and practitioners to promote sustainable digital
agriculture in Vietnam.
Keywords: Digital literacy; technology adoption; agriculture 4.0; sustainable
development; systematic literature review; Vietnam.

1. Introduction
Agriculture is undergoing a profound transformation driven by rapid technological
advancement and increasing sustainability challenges. The concept of Agriculture 4.0 has
emerged as a new paradigm in modern agricultural systems, integrating digital
technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, robotics, big data
analytics, and computational intelligence into farming practices (Arvanitis & Symeonaki,
2020). These technologies enable farmers to monitor and manage agricultural activities at
fine spatial and temporal scales, leading to improved productivity, resource efficiency,
and environmental sustainability. Rather than serving purely as technological innovations,
Agriculture 4.0 technologies are reshaping the entire agricultural value chain and
supporting the transition toward more sustainable farm management systems.
The digitalisation of agriculture is particularly important in the context of
sustainable development. By enabling precision farming, real-time monitoring, and data-
driven decision making, digital technologies contribute to more efficient resource use,
reduced environmental impact, and improved resilience to climate change. As a result,
digital transformation is increasingly recognised as a key driver of sustainable agriculture.

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