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consumer tech simultaneously—points to macroeconomic drivers like interest rate shifts
rather than sector-specific disruptions (Brynjolfsson et al., 2020). Conversely, enterprise
software and healthcare technology demonstrated greater resilience due to stickier
business models and secular growth trends.
4.2. Geographic distribution and spatial concentration

Figure 3. Top 10 countries by total layoffs
Source: Author

Figure 4. Global layoffs heatmap (2020-2025)
Source: Author
The United States dominates the global layoff landscape, accounting for
approximately 623,000 job losses, or 77% of the total. This concentration stems from the
presence of major platform headquarters, deep venture capital markets, and rapid
employment growth between 2010 and 2021. Within the U.S., the impact is highly
localized; Silicon Valley alone accounts for 40% of domestic layoffs, followed by Seattle

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