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Figure 1. Workflow of AIFS implementation and student engagement process.
Source: Author
The study adopted a single-group design without a control group. This approach
was deemed appropriate as the research focused on evaluating user perceptions and
system acceptance in an authentic implementation context.
5. Implementation of an AI-assisted feedback system
Open University Malaysia (OUM) implemented the AI-assisted Feedback System
(AIFS) for formative assessment through assignment-based evaluation. The goal is to
provide immediate, personalised feedback on students’ draft assignments. By focusing on
drafts, the system supports continuous improvement throughout the writing process.
The system offers 24/7 support on key writing aspects such as structure,
referencing, language, argumentation, and grammar, making it suitable for learners with
flexible schedules (Moore & Kearsley, 2012; Bozkurt et al., 2020). Its adoption reflects
OUM’s effort to transform feedback into a more timely and interactive learning
component. Implemented across 12 courses, the system uses a structured approach to
evaluate writing and provides feedback through summaries (i.e. overall insights as shown
in Figure 2) and highlights (i.e specific issues as shown in Figure 3), enabling students to
refine their work effectively.

Figure 2. Example of “Summaries” provided by the system

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