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consolidated in the brain. Deep understanding of knowledge, regular practice, and
adequate sleep will enhance memory retention and optimize the learning process.
Digital technologies and artificial intelligence have transformed modern education,
offering unprecedented access to information and powerful tools for learning. However,
the findings of this study suggest that excessive exposure to fast-paced digital media and
unstructured reliance on AI may challenge the development of deep thinking in university
students. AI is a powerful tool, but misuse can undermine the very cognitive abilities that
higher education needs to cultivate most.
To ensure that students retain the ability to engage in sustained analytical
reasoning, educational institutions must develop pedagogical strategies that balance
technological innovation with cognitive development.
Deep thinking remains an essential skill for navigating complex problems in an
increasingly digital world, and fostering this capability should remain a central goal of
higher education.
5.2. Educational implications
The results of this study highlight the importance of developing pedagogical
strategies that support deep thinking in digital learning environments.
Understanding the mechanisms of memory transfer between the hippocampus and
neocortex helps explain many learning phenomena.
First, repeated review reactivates related neural networks, thereby promoting
system consolidation.
Second, sleep after studying enhances memory transfer.
Third, connecting new knowledge with old knowledge creates stronger connections
within the neocortex.
These factors explain why learning methods such as spaced repetition, deep
learning, and adequate sleep can all improve memory retention.
The proliferation of short-form video content presents new challenges for
education and the development of students' thinking skills.
Educators need to find ways to balance the use of digital technology with
maintaining learning activities that foster deep thinking. Methods such as long-form
reading, academic discussions, and analytical writing remain crucial in developing
cognitive abilities.
At the same time, raising awareness of the dopamine loop mechanism can help
learners regulate their technology use habits, thereby protecting their concentration and
memory in an increasingly complex information environment.
Universities should consider incorporating structured AI literacy programs that
teach students how to use AI tools as cognitive supports rather than replacements for
reasoning.
Additionally, educators should design learning activities that require sustained
engagement with complex ideas. Such activities may include extended writing
assignments, problem-based learning tasks, and collaborative debates.
Creating learning environments that minimize digital distractions may also be
beneficial. Structured study sessions and digital detox periods could help students rebuild
attentional endurance necessary for deep cognitive work.
Based on existing research, a sensible approach is not to completely prohibit the
use of AI, but rather to design its application in ways that actively promote critical
thinking. Instead of allowing AI to replace cognitive effort, it should be integrated as a

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