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perceived barriers significantly influenced attitude toward health behavior, whereas
perceived susceptibility did not show a statistically significant effect. Attitude, in turn,
significantly predicted intention to use family doctor services.
Demographic differences in Intention to use Family doctor services
To further explore whether intention to use family doctor services varied across
demographic characteristics, additional analyses using independent-samples t-tests and
one-way ANOVA were conducted.
The results indicate that intention to use family doctor services is largely consistent
across gender, age, and occupation. No significant differences were observed between
males and females (p = 0.720 > 0.05), nor across age groups (F = 2.157, p = 0.072) or
occupational categories (F = 1.218, p = 0.295).
In contrast, education and income show significant associations with intention.
Intention increases with higher educational attainment, reaching the highest level among
respondents with postgraduate education (M = 4.76; Welch = 35.171, p < 0.001). Similarly,
higher-income respondents report stronger intention, with the highest mean observed in
the group earning over 100 million VND per month (M = 4.81; F = 3.629, p = 0.001).
Table 5. Descriptive Statistics and ANOVA Results
Variable Category N Mean SD F/ Welch Sig. (p-value)

Education Primary School 32 3.975 0.974 35.171 0.000
Level
Lower Secondary 57 4.077 0.776
School

Upper Secondary 262 4.124 0.686
School

Vocational College 115 4.191 0.484

University 312 4.196 0.620

Postgraduate 45 4.756 0.259

Income Under 10 million VND 226 4.086 0.714 3.629 0.001
Level
10 - under 20 million 181 4.182 0.644
VND
20 - under 30 million 197 4.214 0.615
VND

30 - under 40 million 142 4.218 0.647
VND
40 - under 100 million 45 4.302 0.592
VND

Over 100 million VND 15 4.813 0.307
Source: Research team (2025)

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