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SECTION I: MOLECULAR GENETIC ENGINEERING AND BIOCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 173Currently, there are many methods for fabricating nanomaterials, among which the electrospinning technique is one of the simplest methods for producing fibers with diameters ranging from tens of nanometers to several micrometers. Using this method, numerous nanofibers have been created from natural polymers (such as zein, collagen, silk, chitosan) or synthetic polymers, and they have found applications in various fields such as biomedical, separation, and sensor technologies [2- 3].Chitosan (CS) is a derivative obtained from chitin and is a natural polymer with the second-largest abundance after cellulose. Chitosan is found in the shells of crustaceans, insects, and the cell walls of certain fungi. It is formed through the deacetylation of chitin by chemical or biological methods, and the resulting chitosan often has a nanofiber structure [4]. In the fields of medicine and pharmaceuticals, chitosan has been recognized as a biomaterial with many potential applications in drug delivery, transdermal absorption, mucosal absorption, and in grafting techniques [5-6]. Additionally, chitosan possesses several valuable biological activities, such as antioxidant properties, cholesterol-lowering effects [7] and antimicrobial activity [8]. Chitosan is also used as a material capable of carrying bioactive compounds, whether they are water-soluble or poorly soluble, such as capsaicin.Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable, biocompatible, bioabsorbable, and non-toxic polyester derived from renewable resources, including beet, corn, and sugar. PLA is widely used in the biomedical field for products such as surgical sutures, implants, and drug delivery systems. It is also used in packaging, 3D printing, and disposable items due to its biodegradable nature [9-10].Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a versatile, biocompatible, hydrophilic polymer that is widely used in various applications,