Page 517 - Ebook HTKH 2024

growing vegetables indoors helps increase income at least twice thanks to increased
output.

(3) Growing plants using the hydroponic method, in addition to saving water, also
saves fertilizer and pesticides, so it also helps save investment in production.
(4) Greenhouse vegetable production using the soilless farming model
contributes to improving air quality by absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen.
They can also filter out pollutants and dust particles from the air. Fresh air makes
humans better health, increased work productivity, and reduced health care costs.
4.2. Environmental perspective
The problem of carbon emission and other waste into the environment that can be

recorded in this farming model is very little and seems to be non-existent. In fact, this
entire farming activity is carried out in a closed cycle with the support of requirements
associated with IoT.
The calculated result on the ability to absorb carbon and emit oxygen through the
physiological functions and roles of plants helps the indoor air environment to be
regulated and the people who work there to have better health (this issue has also been

mentioned in the economic aspect).
Beside saving water (see table 8), greenhouse farming also helps save fertilizer and
pesticides, thus helping to save resources and energy. This result is also consistent with
the research of Kurt Benke & Bruce Tomkins (2017) that indoor farming in a controlled
environment requires much less water than outdoor farming; so the greenhouse
hydroponic farming model addresses problems relating to the use of water, herbicides,
pesticides, and fertilizers of traditional farming. And This is the solution for

bioeconomic in urban areas.
4.3. Potential to provide safe food sources
The vertical farming model with the use of organic nutrients combined with herbal
pesticides (wood vinegar) not only ensures productivity and yield of vegetables but also
brings high nutritional value and ensures safety because there are no nitrate residues
and pesticide residues.

5. Potential application of the vertical garden model
The aim of the vertical farming model was proposed to increase the amount of
agricultural area by setting up a high rise building with many levels on the same land
footprint. It is considered suitable for urban agriculture, especially where arable land
areas are limited. Simultaneously, it contributes to resolving the increasing complexity
and uncertainties in planning sustainable food production (Morgan and Sonnino, 2010).
The results of a survey of people's awareness of urban gardens along with
experiments demonstrating the value that vertical gardens bring in terms of “economic,

environmental and social” aspects show the potential for developing urban gardens.
Vertical models are great. For popular urban houses and apartments, you can design it
in balconies, skylights or the top-houses; With the villas, the ability

509