Page 50 - Ebook HTKH 2024

multiple crises. It hoped that humanity's multiple crises could be solved based on a
global green economy.

In February 2010, Ministers and Heads of Delegation of the UNEP Global
Ministerial Environment Forum in Nusa Dua declared that the green economy concept
‘can significantly address current challenges and deliver economic development
opportunities and multiple benefits for all nations.’ UNEP had a task to further define
and promote the concept through the preparatory process for the UN Conference on
Sustainable Development in 2012 (Rio+20). In March, the General Assembly agreed
that the green economy should be one of the two themes for Rio+20. This created an
international interest in the green economy. Several papers and other documents were

released to better define and demystify the term, such as the Green Economy Report
released by UNEP in 2011 and a series of other publications by UNEP, UNCTAD,
UNDESA, and the UNCSD Secretariat. In December 2011, the UN Environment
Management Group also released its system-wide perspective on green economy -
Working Towards a Balanced and Inclusive Green Economy - which identifies and
clarifies the use of green economy and other related terms. This report uses the

definition suggested by UNEP in the 2011 Green Economy Report. In recent years,
several non-governmental organizations and collaborations have emerged to promote
the notion of the green economy via research, analysis, and communication.
As the term ‘green economy’ has appeared and been widely used over the last
decade, it has some definitions.
In the study ‘Green economy and related concepts: an overview’, Eléonore
Loiseau, L. Saikku, R. Antikainen, N. Droste, B. Hansjürgens, K. Pitkänen, P. Leskinen,

P. Kuikman, Maiken Thomsen (2016) have defined ‘green economy’ as ‘An economy
that aims at reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities, and that aims for
sustainable development without degrading the environment’.
Other stakeholders, including some governments and coalition groups, define it as
‘a broad-ranging policy agenda and a tool to support the achievement of sustainable
development, with an emphasis on aligning economic goals to social and environmental

ones. The green economy agenda recognizes the potential of new sustainable
technologies and green sectors to become the engine of a new development pathway’.
(ECE/FAO, 2018)
The Green Economy Coalition offers another definition of ‘green economy’ as ‘a
resilient economy that provides a better quality of life for all within the ecological limits
of the planet.’
UNEP (United Nations Environment Programs) defines the green economy as ‘one
that results in improved human well-being and social equity, while significantly

reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities. It is low carbon, resource-
efficient, and socially inclusive’ (UNEP, 2011).
Although there is no internationally agreed definition of a green economy, the
existing definitions concern sustainably developing an economy while protecting the
environment and ecology and improving human life.

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