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involves thoughtful decision-making at every stage of the business process, from
sourcing and producing products to packaging, shipping, and interacting with

customers. The goal is to reduce carbon emissions, minimize waste, and ensure ethical
standards are upheld throughout the supply chain.
Table 1. Summary of studies on sustainable e-commerce
No. Research Group/Authors Content, Perspective

Kostakis, V.; Roos, A.; Argued that a balance must be maintained between
1 the growth of online businesses and the negative
Bauwens, M, 2016
environmental and social impacts
Judit Oláh, Nicodemus
Kitukutha, Hossam Haddad, Stakeholders need to cooperate and take appropriate
2 responsibility to promote sustainable e-commerce
Miklós Pakurár, Domicián development
Máté, and József Popp, 2019
Committee of the European
Parliament for Internal Developed guidelines and policies for sustainable
3
Market and Consumer e-commerce development

Protection (IMCO)
Researched environmentally friendly packaging
4 DHL, 2021
methods

Described various sustainable e-commerce
5 Amazon
development activities
Sustainable e-commerce involves business
operations that do not degrade the natural
6 Raghavan, 2022
environment by meeting the needs of the present

generation without jeopardizing future generations
Sustainable e-commerce requires environmentally
7 Virstiuk, (2022) friendly shipping, green packaging, and minimizing
returns

Emphasizes social fairness, environmental
8 Bigcommerce
protection, and economic development potential
Three aspects of sustainable e-commerce: economic
sustainability reflects the quality of e-commerce
Mingwei Sun, Katarzyna business operations, environmental sustainability
9 Grondys, Nazim Hajiyev, and reflects a company's impact on the environment, and
Pavel Zhukov, 2021
social sustainability reflects the
level of interaction with employees, customers, etc.

Laudon, K.C.; Traver, C.G, Sustainable e-commerce development is tied to the
10 responsibility of all stakeholders to protect the
2014
environment
Source: Measuring factors affecting the acceptance of sustainable e-commerce by
SMEs in Hanoi according to the TOE framework

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