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within the economy, thereby catalyzing digital growth. Concurrently, as traditional
paradigms are supplanted by technology-platform-based operational models, nascent
sectors continuously emerge and undergo robust expansion.
3. Research methodology and scope
Data for this study were aggregated at the national level from 2019 to 2023 by
taking the average of the panel data encompassing 63 provinces and municipalities in
Vietnam over the 2018–2023 period. This specific timeframe holds analytical significance
as it coincides with the accelerated implementation phase of the National Digital
Transformation Strategy (post-2016), thereby capturing the dynamic nature of these
socioeconomic impacts more distinctly. Quantitative data sources comprise the Vietnam
ICT White Paper (2018–2024), which supplies empirical metrics on technical infrastructure,
human resource infrastructure, and information technology application. Furthermore, the
dataset incorporates E-Government parameters derived from the E-Government
Development Index (EGDI, UN, 2022), alongside macroeconomic indicators sourced from
the General Statistics Office (GSO) and the Asian Productivity Organization (APO, 2021).
All empirical data underwent rigorous standardization according to time-series scales and
were processed to ensure robust econometric compatibility. The Grey Relational Analysis
(GRA) methodology is employed, as it is particularly appropriate for scenarios constrained
by limited observational sample sizes and inherent data uncertainty-conditions that are
highly prevalent in digital economy research within developing nations (Liu & Lin, 2025).

Figure 1. Proposed research model
Source: Research team’s proposal

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