Page 272 - Ebook HTKH 2024

Figure 1. The urbanization rate of Vietnam between 1990 and 2022

Source: Statistical yearbook of Vietnam 2010 and 2022

The context of green urbanization in Vietnam
Vietnam starts its green urbanization and developed, implemented the green
urbanization strategy in following directions:
- Adjusting the development master plans of cities as well as of the national urban
development strategy;
- Setting up a legal framework for the green urbanization, including laws, legal
regulation and administrative procedures as well as the city development master plans
and functional plans for city development and modernisation (economic development

masterplan, masterplans for infrastructure development and modernisation,
construction master plans, etc.);
- Controlling and reducing the environment pollution, including setting up and
adjusting technical standards, installing technical system for monitoring key
environment indicators, economic and administrative encouraging private investment
in clean technologies, which enable business entities controlling and monitoring wastes

produced by themselves, etc.;
- Improving the urban infrastructure in order to pollution emission, especially city
roads, water supply and drainage system, recovering the rivers and lacks in cities and
improving the quality of their water;
- Expanding the urban wastes processing capacity, including modern and efficient
facilities for central processing of waste water and solid wastes;
- Encouraging the design, production as well as stimulating the formation of new

consumption and living habits of citizens in the direction of green consumption,
including reusing and recycling used products.
Weakness of green urbanization in Vietnam
The increasing urbanization level of Vietnam is associated with the increasing
degradation of the environment. Thi Mai Nguyen, Tang-Huang Lin and Hai-Po Chan
(2019) indicated that in the period between 1999- 2016 Hanoi “has achieved excellent

results during this period, and the results in the field of economic development and
modernization of urban infrastructure are most noteworthy. However, Hanoi also faces
serious environmental problems”, such as the increase of the air temperature (and the

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