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usage, and crop health, enabling more efficient and sustainable farming practices
(Nguyen et al., 2022). Similarly, digital technologies in manufacturing are being used

to optimize production processes, reduce material waste, and improve energy efficiency,
contributing to the overall sustainability of the sector (Vietnam Investment Review,
2022).
3.1.4. Case studies of digital transformation in Vietnam
Several Vietnamese companies have successfully implemented digital
transformation strategies, serving as models for other businesses in the country. VinFast,
a subsidiary of Vingroup, has embraced digital transformation as a key component of
its strategy to become a leading electric vehicle (EV) manufacturer in Vietnam. The

company has adopted advanced digital technologies such as AI, robotics, and IoT to
optimize its production processes, improve product quality, and reduce costs.
Additionally, VinFast's commitment to developing EVs aligns with its sustainability
goals, positioning the company at the forefront of both digital and green transformation
in Vietnam (Vietnam Investment Review, 2022). Masan Group, one of Vietnam's largest
conglomerates, has integrated digital tools into its operations to enhance supply chain

efficiency and improve customer engagement. The company has adopted cloud-based
platforms and data analytics to streamline its logistics and distribution networks,
enabling it to respond more quickly to market changes. Moreover, Masan Group is using
digital technologies to support its sustainability initiatives, such as transitioning to eco-
friendly packaging and promoting sustainable sourcing practices (Nguyen & Nguyen,
2021).
The future of digital transformation in Vietnam looks promising as the country

continues to invest in digital infrastructure, education, and innovation. However,
addressing the challenges of infrastructure limitations, workforce skills gaps, and
financial constraints will be critical for ensuring that all enterprises, especially SMEs,
can participate in the digital economy. As Vietnamese businesses become more digitally
enabled, they will be better positioned to compete in global markets, increase operational
efficiency, and achieve sustainability goals. Moreover, the integration of digital

technologies with green transformation efforts will allow enterprises to reduce their
environmental impact while enhancing their competitiveness, creating a win-win
scenario for the economy and the environment.
3.2. Green transformation in Vietnamese enterprises
Green transformation (GT) refers to the process of transitioning towards
environmentally sustainable business models, practices, and operations. It involves
reducing carbon emissions, optimizing resource use, and minimizing waste through
cleaner production techniques and the adoption of renewable energy sources. As

environmental sustainability becomes increasingly critical, businesses in Vietnam are
recognizing the need to integrate green practices into their core operations to remain
competitive and comply with regulatory and market demands. This section examines
the drivers, challenges, and opportunities for green transformation among Vietnamese
enterprises.

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