Page 182 - Ebook HTKH 2024
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price volatility and risks from suppliers, and increase innovation by replacing
products.
Figure 2. Circular Economy Model
Source: Government Electronic Newspaper, 2023
2.3. Principles of Operating the Circular Economy Model
The initial CE model had three main principles: Reduce - reducing the use of
goods and resource consumption, Reuse - reusing products and resources, and Recycle
- recycling (Nilsson, 2007). It then evolved to include 4R, 6R, and currently has
expanded to the principles of 9R or 10R.
Figure 3. “R” Framework Principles in the Circular Economy Model
Source: Fornasari, T., Neri, P., (2022)
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