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technological adoption generates competitiveness only when mediated by innovation
capability and supported by institutional coherence.
In the context of Vietnam, enhancing the adoption of artificial intelligence requires
a coordinated policy approach that addresses both technological and structural
constraints faced by enterprises. Specifically, the development of national digital
infrastructure, including high-speed internet and data platforms, is essential to support AI
integration and digital transformation (World Bank, 2021). In addition, targeted programs
aimed at improving digital skills and managerial capabilities are necessary to enable firms
to effectively utilize advanced technologies and foster innovation capacity (OECD, 2023).
Furthermore, government policies should focus on supporting innovation through
financial incentives, research and development programs, and collaboration between
universities and enterprises. Such measures are particularly important for small and
medium-sized enterprises, which often face limitations in accessing resources and
technological expertise (UNCTAD, 2021). By aligning technological, educational, and
industrial policies, Vietnam can create an enabling environment for firms to enhance
innovation capability and strengthen their position in global export markets (Porter, 1990).
Balancing rapid technological adoption with inclusive development remains a
central challenge. Policymakers must mitigate transitional risks while fostering long-term
innovation ecosystems that support export-oriented enterprises.
7. Conclusion
This paper has developed a conceptual framework linking artificial intelligence
adoption, innovation capability, and export competitiveness in the context of emerging
economies, with particular reference to Vietnam. The study contributes to the literature
by integrating insights from digital transformation and innovation theory to explain how
AI can enhance firm-level competitiveness (Brynjolfsson & McAfee, 2014; OECD, 2023).
From a policy perspective, the findings highlight the importance of coordinated
strategies that combine digital infrastructure development, human capital investment,
and innovation support mechanisms. These factors play a critical role in enabling firms to
adopt advanced technologies and improve their export performance in an increasingly
competitive global environment (World Bank, 2021; UNCTAD, 2021).
Future research may build on this framework by conducting empirical studies to test
the proposed relationships using firm-level data across different industries, particularly in
emerging economies undergoing digital transformation (Porter, 1990).

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