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developing the research model, developing research hypotheses, and identifying the factors
affecting digital transformation in the accounting field.
Subsequently, quantitative research was conducted to test the proposed research
model, examining the factors influencing digital transformation in accounting in private
universities in Vietnam. The research data were collected through a survey conducted
between January and February 2026. The questionnaire was developed using a five-point
Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). After conducting the
pilot survey, the authors revised and refined the questionnaire items. The official survey
targeted leaders and individuals responsible for accounting functions at private universities
in Vietnam. The collected data were cleaned, coded, and entered into SPSS 27 for analysis.
The data analysis involved descriptive statistical analysis and regression analysis, which were
performed using SPSS.
The results identified six key factors influencing digital transformation in accounting
within private universities in Vietnam, including policy and legal environment, leadership
support, accounting staff competence, financial resources, information technology
infrastructure, and digital culture within organisations.
4. Research results
4.1. Evaluating scale reliability
Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to assess the reliability of the measurement
scales in this study. The results indicate that all observed variables satisfied the required
criteria, with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients greater than or equal to 0.6 and item-total
correlation coefficients of 0.3 or higher. After the reliability testing stage, the research
model consisting of six independent variables and one dependent variable, with a total of 22
observed variables, was retained for further analysis using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA).
During the analysis process, the independent variables were analysed simultaneously, while
the dependent variable was analysed separately.
The EFA results indicate that the KMO value is 0.800 (> 0.5), indicating that the data
are suitable for factor analysis. In addition, Bartlett’s test shows a significance value of 0.000
(< 0.05), indicating that the observed variables are correlated with each other within the
dataset. Furthermore, the total variance explained is 74.93% (>50%), and all eigenvalues are
greater than 1, indicating that the extracted factors have strong explanatory power for the
data's variance. Therefore, these results confirm that the application of Exploratory Factor
Analysis (EFA) in this study is appropriate.
4.2. Regression analysis
To test the hypotheses of the research model, the authors employed multiple regression
analysis. The regression results indicate that the coefficient of determination (R²) is 0.821 (≠
0) and the adjusted R² is 0.810. These results show that the six independent variables (FR, IT,
PLE, LS, AC, and DC) explain 81.1% of the variance in DTA. The regression model is
statistically significant, with an F-test p-value of 0.000 (< 0.05), indicating that the model is
appropriate for explaining the relationship between the variables. All independent variables
have significance values below 0.05 and show positive effects on DTA, as indicated by their
positive beta coefficients.
Among the independent variables, financial resources (FR) have the strongest
influence (β = 0.408), followed by digital organizational culture (DC) (β = 0.206), leadership
support (LS) (β = 0.185), information technology infrastructure (IT) (β = 0.156), policy and
legal environment (PLE) (β = 0.139), and accounting staff competence (AC) (β = 0.109).
Furthermore, all Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) values are below 2, indicating that there is no
multicollinearity among the independent variables. The detailed regression results are
presented in tables 1, 2, and 3.
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