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broaden the potential pool of participants and reduce over-reliance on a small number of
large firms.
5.4. Promoting international connectivity and mobilizing foreign resources
Because high-tech innovation is global in nature, Vietnam’s PPP strategy should also
include a strong international dimension. High-tech PPP should be integrated more
systematically into ODA cooperation, technical assistance, and strategic investment
promotion. Development partners can support not only financing, but also project
preparation, legal design, capacity-building, and institutional benchmarking.
At the same time, Vietnam should create conditions for foreign technology firms to
participate in selected PPP projects. Global firms may be interested in areas such as data
centers, AI platforms, advanced manufacturing support systems, semiconductor
ecosystems, and digital public services if policy incentives and project structures are
credible. The value of foreign participation lies not only in capital, but also in technology
transfer, governance standards, and integration into global innovation networks.
Vietnam should also intensify international policy dialogue and expert consultation.
Annual forums on innovation-oriented PPP, cooperation with OECD or WEF, and greater
use of the overseas Vietnamese innovation network would help bring comparative
knowledge into domestic policy design.
Intergovernmental science and technology cooperation can also incorporate PPP
components. Joint technology programmes with partners such as the United States, the
EU, Japan, Australia, and South Korea could include mixed public-private co-financing and
collaborative research, thereby enabling Vietnam both to share costs and to build
capabilities through participation in larger international ecosystems.
Overall, the policy agenda for PPP in high-tech innovation should aim to create a
transparent legal environment, credible incentives, strong project pipelines, professional
implementation arrangements, and broad international connectivity. These are the core
conditions under which the emerging policy framework can be translated into concrete
results.
6. Conclusion
This article has examined the role, current state, and policy prospects of public-
private partnership in high-tech innovation in Vietnam. The analysis shows that PPP is an
important instrument for mobilizing social resources, sharing innovation risks, and
improving the commercialization of research and technology. In the context of Vietnam’s
transition toward a more innovation-driven development model, PPP offers a practical
way of combining public strategic direction with private-sector dynamism and market
capacity.
Vietnam has recently made an important institutional step by extending PPP into
science, technology, innovation, and digital transformation through the 2025 Law on
Science, Technology and Innovation and Decree No. 180/2025/ND-CP. These reforms
indicate a significant shift away from a purely infrastructure-based understanding of PPP
and toward a broader governance model suitable for strategic technology development.
They also signal growing recognition that high-tech innovation requires more flexible
incentives, stronger risk-sharing, and closer public-private coordination than traditional
sectors (National Assembly, 2025a, 2025b).
However, the study also finds that Vietnam remains at an early stage of
implementation. The main challenges are not the absence of policy intent, but the gap
between legal reform and operational readiness. Project pipelines remain weak,

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