Page 281 - Demo

SECTION II. APPLIED BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY... 285of fermentation time on menaquinone synthesis. Vitamin K2 yield during fermentation was measured and is presented in Figure 5. It can be observed that vitamin K2 accumulation was slow during the first 48 hours, after which it entered a rapid accumulation phase over the next 48 hours. By 96 hours, vitamin K2 accumulation reached its maximum output of 2694.5 %u00b5g/L. Extending the incubation time to 120 hours, however, had no substantial effect on menaquinone production yield.Figure 5. Effect of fermentation time on vitamin K2 production by strain BST24. DISCUSSIONThe Vitamin K2 plays a crucial role not only in blood clotting and inhibition of vascular calcification but is also considered part of the fourth generation of anti-osteoporosis drugs, targeting a disease that affects individuals of all ages and ethnicities. Furthermore, recent studies have uncovered additional functions of vitamin K2, including the prevention of Parkinson%u2019s disease [12], promotion of liver function recovery [13], and reduction in the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus [14]. However, human cells cannot synthesize menaquinones (except for menaquinone-4, which is partially converted from vitamin K1), and humans can only obtain them from food or dietary supplements. The low