Page 321 - Ebook HTKH 2024

- Environmental costs associated with the remediation and prevention of current
and future environmental damages: These arise from the impact of the enterprise’s

business activities on the environment, and hence, these costs are highly random.
- Environmental costs include both mandatory and voluntary costs: These can
increase or decrease through the enterprise’s efforts in environmental protection.
In the process of producing textile products, a lot of raw materials, energy and
chemicals as well as color additives are used. According to estimates, to produce textile
products requires 160 million tons of coalcoal and 2,000 billion gallons of water. That
is why researchers have pointed out that "Textile is an industry with a high level of
pollution." Environment ranks second compared to other industries

First, raw material costs account for a high proportion of total production costs, so
accurate and complete accounting of direct material costs is of particular importance in
determining the amount of material consumption in production
Second, textile is a process that consumes a lot of energy. Energy costs account for
about 30-40% of CPS production. The textile dyeing industry uses a large amount of
heat energy from boilers or thermal oil furnaces for the dyeing process; washing,

stenting, or drying, fuel used for drying processes, oil or gas. The fuel used for textiles
is coal, oil or thermal gas which is biomass. The best technology available in the textile
industry is modern dry rotary kiln technology with heat exchanger tower and calciner
system, heat consumption is about 450 kcal/kg clinker. Fabric burning boiler is a type
of incinerator used to destroy and process unnecessary fabric waste, old fabric waste, or
damaged fabric products that cannot be reused. Fabric burning boilers are designed to
burn fabric waste by using the heat from the combustion process to produce steam and

thermal energy. The combustion process in a boiler, fabric burning, takes place in an
environment with a sufficient amount of oxygen and suitable temperature conditions.
Fabric waste is fed into the boiler, where it burns and turns into ash and exhaust gases.
The ash can be collected and processed later, while the exhaust gas is put through a
treatment process to remove contaminants before being released into the environment.
Third, the textile and garment process also uses water for the daily activities of

staff and employees and water for machine bleaching, fiber washing, dyeing and
cleaning products. On average, the textile and garment industry consumes 200 liters of
water and produces 1 kg of fiber. To create a T-shirt,T-shirt, it takes 19,000 liters of
water for the production process. Just like energy, water does not participate in the
physical formation of the product, so water after use will be treated biologically, part of
it will be circulated back to cool the equipment and part of it will be recycled, leaked or
released into the environment. This type of wastewater is relatively high pH,
temperature, COD and color. The environmental problem that Vietnam's textile and

garment industry is facing is wastewater. The amount of water used in the dyeing and
finishing process of fabric has a large fluctuation range, ranging from 16 - 900 m3/ton
of product.

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