Page 32 - Ebook HTKH 2024

Table 2. World mine production of Table 3. World reserves of lithium by
lithium by country, 2022 country, 2022

Percentage of Lithium Percentage
Ranking Country Tonnes the total Ranking Country (tonnes) of the total
1 Australia 61,000 47.20% 1 Chile 9,300,000 35.70%
2 Chile 39,000 30.20% 2 Australia 6,200,000 23.80%
3 China 19,000 14.70% 3 Argentina 2,700,000 10.40%
4 Argentina 6,200 4.80% 4 China 2,000,000 7.70%
5 Brazil 2,200 1.70% 5 United 1,000,000 3.80%
States
6 Zimbabwe 800 0.60% 6 Canada 930,000 3.60%
7 Portugal 600 0.50% 7 Zimbabwe 310,000 1.20%
8 Canada 500 0.40% 8 Brazil 250,000 1.00%
World 129,300 100.00% 9 Portugal 60,000 0.20%
total Other 3,300,000 12.70%
World 26,000,000 100.00%
total

Source: Lithium facts, Canada.ca (2024)

Biomass from Energy Crops:

The Canadian biothermal market has been growing steadily since 2008. According
to August 2023 data (2023 Canadian Bioheat Database), 646 biothermal projects of
which 184 new projects were added compared to 2021. Total capacity Current
installations are 481 MWth, an increase of 61 MWth compared to 2021. Nearly a third
of small-scale biothermal systems installed since 2021 are in the agricultural sector.

Wood pellets and wood chips dominate as the two main biomass fuels, with 46%
of commercial and institutional bioheat systems <5 MW located in rural or remote
communities.
Canada's reliance on fossil fuels, especially in provinces like Alberta, where oil
sand extraction is a major industry, poses a significant challenge. The oil and gas sector
is a considerable source of greenhouse gas emissions, making it difficult for Canada to

meet its climate targets under the Paris Agreement. Still, the federal government has
implemented policies such as carbon pricing, which are aimed to encourage emissions
reductions across the economy. Moreover, Canada has committed to achieving net-zero
emissions by 2050, signaling a long-term commitment to green growth.
The country's environmental regulations are generally strong, focusing on
conservation and sustainable resource management. However, the challenge lies in
balancing economic growth, particularly in resource-dependent regions, with
environmental sustainability. The transition to a greener economy requires overcoming

the political and economic resistance from regions reliant on fossil fuels.

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