Page 82 - Ebook HTKH 2024

and take into account environmental impact factors and aim for sustainable
development.

The World Bank (2012) defined “green growth as the effective use of clean natural
resources in minimizing pollution and environmental impacts, flexibility in the ability
to adapt to natural hazards, manage the environment and natural capital in natural
disaster prevention”. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
(OECD, 2014) believes that: “Green growth includes promoting growth and economic
development while ensuring that natural assets continue to provide the resources and
environmental services for our prosperity. To do this, green growth must be a catalyst
for investment and innovation, the basis for sustainable growth and enhanced creation

of new economic opportunities”.
In Vietnam, the green growth program is concretized through the “National
Strategy on Green Growth for the period 2011 - 2022 and vision to 2050” with three
strategic tasks, including (i) minimizing greenhouse gas emissions and increase
sustainable energy use; (ii) greening production; (iii) greening lifestyles and promoting
sustainable consumption. These are considered the most core criteria that can be used in

the process of evaluating and monitoring the implementation of green growth in
Vietnam. Therefore, to evaluate and measure green growth in Vietnam, we can base on
indicators such as: Green GDP, renewable energy usage rate, greenhouse gas emission
rate, green industrial development rate,...
The European Union (European Commission, 2010) believes that “Green
economy is a growing, smart and fair economy”. According to the United Nations
Environment Program (UNEP, 2011), a green economy is “an economy that both brings

happiness to people and social justice, while significantly reducing environmental risks
and ecological degradation. In other words, the green economy refers to three aspects:
the first is the environmental aspect, which is expressed through reducing greenhouse
gas and carbon emissions to mitigate climate change; the second is the aspect of
economic growth in depth thanks to the efficient use of resources through the use of
clean and green technologies; and the third is the social aspect through creating social

justice and poverty reduction. These are also the criteria applied when evaluating and
measuring the green economy in Vietnam.
According to the report “Our Common Future” by the World Commission on
Environment and Development (WCED, 1987), Sustainable development is
“development that meets the needs of the present without sacrificing the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs” (Dwight Perkin et al., 2006). This can be
understood as sustainable development, meaning equitable and balanced development
between the current generation and future generations.

The relationship between green growth, green economy and sustainable
development “Green growth” refers to developing the economy but ensuring
sustainability of the ecological environment, avoiding affecting the balance of the
environment (EEA, 2016), but economic growth is the most important goal. Compared
to green growth, “green economy” is more comprehensive because the green economy

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